著作權在博物館之應用─以國立中正紀念堂管理處為例

Nubian ibex, Israel, 2011

穆罕默德曾說:「我向遠山招手，山不來，於是我走向山。」距離上次寫研究論文已經至少超過13年，開始動筆只是單純的想重新盤點行囊及反省「過去」，並試著看看現在的自己，能夠繼續往前走多遠。

「有願就有力」，有力量的背後充滿感恩，行動帶來轉變，積極吸引貴人，貴人帶來能量，不管是真誠的建議或建設性的批評，給了我很多鼓勵跟改善空間，我謙卑的向知識的深處邁前去。除了感謝匿名審查專家的寶貴修正意見，另衷心感謝著作權學者葉茂林協助增修實務面之展覽相關使用合約，與東吳大學法律系助理教授朱健文的鼓勵及對於本文的建議與協助。

有人說，女人像茶包，沒有用熱水泡開，不知內容為何物，幸賴家人朋友同事的愛護與默默關心，我不至於被熱水燙傷；雖然過程有些難熬，特別是不眠的冬夜，18頁文，寫了2個月，退稿、初稿、複審稿，反覆修改5個月...在此謝謝你們給予的溫暖，並把多長的白頭髮拔還給老天！

著作權在博物館之應用─以國立中正紀念堂管理處為例
連結網址：博物館學季刊 http://www.nmns.edu.tw/nmns/07library/publish/quaterly.htm

摘要
文化創意產業是知識經濟潮流，也是世界趨勢，而博物館在這產業中占有舉足輕重之角色；另一方面，博物館因日漸提高的營運成本，且同時又面臨不斷削減的公務預算，故須朝向多元化經營並自謀財源，除了建立博物館品牌外，更須藉由著作權等相關法律，以充分利用博物館的資源來創造利基。

本文先概略介紹著作權內涵及著作權與博物館的關連，探討博物館經營與著作權法相關之項目，包含博物館常運用之著作權觀念及契約關係的建立、博物館藝術授權的方式與分工、博物館典藏管理、公開展示等，檢視著作財產權的歸屬及契約條文對於著作人及博物館的權益或規範；另以中正紀念堂業務之委託專家研究、捐贈品及典藏品的徵集、特展與衍生性商品等案例，對照契約條款或著作權法進行探討或以實際作法為例進行說明，闡述博物館與委外專家、博物館與合作單位、博物館與藝術家、博物館與廠商間的分工關係及其相關著作權等問題，以釐清博物館之權利與規範及著作權歸屬等。最後，再以一委外廠商侵權案例的始末，檢視著作權等相關法律如何在實際運作下，協助博物館營運並保障博物館的形象與名譽。

Abstract

Museums play an important role in the cultural and creative industries, which are part of the world trend in the knowledge-based economy. However, nowadays, museums face the difficulties of rising operating costs and decreasing government funds, and must adopt multiple operating and management models to find sufficient financial support. This forces museums to utilize copyright laws to expand their market and generate more revenue.

In this article, we first briefly introduce the definition of copyright and its relevance to museum operation. We study the management of the museum under the scope of copyright laws, including the copyright concepts and contracts that are often used in museums such as for art licensing, collection management, and public displays, etc. The core ideas are related to copyright ownership and how the interests and obligations of the museum and the copyright holders are regulated under copyright laws. We then use the Chiang Kai-Shek Memorial Hall as an example to present how the different functions of the museum, such as research outsourcing, collections, exhibitions, and creation of derivatives, are related to copyright. At the same time, we reveal the relationships in terms of copyright between museums and outsourcing experts, museums and collaborating institutions, museums and artists, and museums and manufacturers. Finally, we describe a real case in which an outsourcing company infringed on the copyright of Chiang Kai-Shek Memorial Hall and demonstrate how copyright related laws help museums to protect their rights and reputation.
關鍵詞：著作權、博物館、文化、文化創意產業、衍生性商品、文化行政、藝術授權